The speed reducer is a widely used component in the mechanical industry, connecting and harmonizing the power source and the execution mechanism. Its core indicators include the reduction ratio, transmission efficiency, accuracy, and lifespan. Compared with traditional speed reducers, harmonic drives have a simple structure, which makes them small in size and has a large transmission ratio; they are suitable for small joint scenarios in robots. Harmonic Reducers operate based on the principle of tooth engagement between the rigid wheel and the flexible wheel. Generally, the flexible wheel has two fewer teeth than the rigid wheel. By adjusting the relative number of teeth between the flexible wheel and the rigid wheel, different transmission ratios can be obtained.
The Harmonic Reducer has the advantages of small size, light weight, high load capacity, high transmission accuracy, no backlash in reverse transmission, large single-stage reduction ratio, and high torque. Light load joints in humanoid robots mainly require harmonic drives, with 14 harmonic drives needed for each humanoid robot.
Compact and Lightweight Design: Harmonic drives are characterized by their small size and light weight, which is very important for humanoid robots. Humanoid robots need to minimize size and weight while maintaining functionality to be more flexible and portable. The compact design of harmonic drives helps achieve this goal.
High Transmission Ratio and Torque Transfer: Harmonic Reducers can provide very high transmission ratios, meaning they can convert the high-speed low-torque output of a motor to low-speed high-torque. This feature is crucial for the joint movements of humanoid robots as they need to precisely and powerfully control various actions, especially those that simulate detailed human movements, such as arms, wrists, and fingers.
High Precision and Smoothness: Another significant characteristic of harmonic drives is their high precision and smooth motion performance. Humanoid robots require high precision and stability to execute tasks, ensuring smooth and accurate movements. Harmonic drives, through their unique operational principles, provide very smooth and precise motion control, meeting the needs of humanoid robots.
Improved Energy Efficiency: Harmonic Reducers have relatively high transmission efficiency, which helps reduce energy waste and improve energy utilization efficiency. For humanoid robots powered by batteries, efficient energy use is key to extending working time and reducing charging frequency.
Durability and Reliability: Harmonic Reducers are designed to be highly durable and reliable, capable of withstanding large loads and long-term operations. This is crucial for humanoid robots that need to work continuously and endure various environmental conditions.
Promoting Technological Development and Innovation: With continuous advancements in harmonic drive technology, their performance will further improve, thus driving the research and innovation of humanoid robots. Higher-performance Harmonic Reducers will enable humanoid robots to perform more complex tasks, achieving higher degrees of freedom and more precise motion control.
In summary, Harmonic Reducers are crucial for the development of humanoid robots. They not only affect the motion performance and accuracy of robots but also directly relate to the energy efficiency, durability, and reliability of robots. With the continuous development of technology, harmonic drives will play an increasingly important role in the design and functionality realization of humanoid robots.
